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Ancient
History The history of Tashkent numbers more than 2000 years, during which the way from a little ancient settlement to one Uzbekistan, has been passed. During centuries the city experienced many great matters of its peaceful life and wars, the periods of decline and prosperity. The first information about Tashkent is contained in in the chronicles, of Ancient East, dated by the second century A.C., where the Tashkent oasis, named as Juni, comes into the structure of Kanguy State. The center of oasis was a town named by Juni. The inscription of Shapur I, the Persian Tsar (262 A.D.) contains indication, that shows us another name for Tashkent oasis - Chach. In the transcription of Chines sources the name sounds like Shi, in Arabian - Shash. Afterwards, this term was adapted by Turkic languages as Tash. Many valuable information about history of Tashkent can be met in Arabian, Persian, Turkic sources of the 9-12 centuries. Up the 17-th century the name changes several times and slowly converts into Tashkent. During the 1-st centuries A.D. almost all micro-oasis along the rivers Chirchic, Salar, Karasu was mastered. The town core of Tashkent during the 1-st century A.D. is considered as the site of ancient settlement on the riverside of Salar, which achieved the highest prosperity in 6-8 centuries. The town's borders had more than 4 km in their length, the town had its own citadel, where a palace and a temple were situated; had the shahristan, where houses of nobles were built; and it had rabad - the blocks, where craftsmen lived. Around the town were settlements of the community, palaces and houses of nobles, little towns, frontier guard fortresses. Almost all this territory represents the capital worked up the metals, manufactured instruments, weapon, cotton and woollen cloth, ceramics and glass, jewelry production, worked up the products of stock-breeding. The town was the place of animated trade. The witness of this can be the coins of foreign State from Byzantine country on the West to China on the East. A governer of Chach also produced its own coins. This period was accompanied by the culture prosperity. The special development received the music and imitative arts. The 1-st third of 8-th century. The towns of Chach and its capital were exposed to devastating invasions from Arabian conquerors. The capital of Chach was burned. It was not able to rebuild itself from the destruction. In 9-th century the new town was built near that place, about 4-5 km to North-West, on the riverside of Bozsu. Later Tashkent became a part of Karakhan State (and 10-th - middle of 12-th centuries), and in 14-th - beginning of 15-th centuries it was a part of Timur's State and his descendants' State. During this period of time the town acquires. The meaning of strong fortress, its territory continues to enlarge, its trade, production and culture develop. The archaeological finds and architectural buildings say us about the merge of local traditions and traditions of countries-neighborhoods of the East. At the beginning of the 16-th century Tashkent became a part of Sheyboni State. The town was rounded with new wall, were made many architectural buildings, the part of which is still saved. (The mausoleum of Sheykhantaur, the Medrese Kukeldash, the Medrese Barakhana). It the beginning of the 19-th century Tashkent was conquered by the khan of Kokand. The territory of the town during that time was only 16 square kilometers and its population was - 80 thousand people (100 thousand people - from other sources). |
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This page was last updated: 12/03/02 |